Choose the pairs of organs that are a result of convergent evolution
i. Wings of butterflies and wings of birds.
ii. Flippers of penguins and flippers of dolphins
iii. Eyes of octopus and eyes of mammals.
iv. Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbia.
v. Sweet potato and potato.
vi. Vertebrate hearts and vertebrate brains

Options

A. i, ii,v and vi
B. i, ii, iii and iv
C. i, ii and vi
D. i,ii,iii and v

Answer

To determine which pairs of organs are a result of convergent evolution, we need to analyze each pair based on the definition of convergent evolution. Convergent evolution occurs when different species evolve similar traits or characteristics independently, often because they adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Wings of Butterflies and Wings of Birds**:
- **Analysis**: Butterflies (insects) and birds (vertebrates) have different evolutionary origins but have both developed wings for flight.
- **Conclusion**: This is an example of convergent evolution.

2. **Flippers of Penguins and Flippers of Dolphins**:
- **Analysis**: Penguins (birds) and dolphins (mammals) have different ancestors but both have flippers that serve the function of swimming.
- **Conclusion**: This is also an example of convergent evolution.

3. **Eyes of Octopus and Eyes of Mammals**:
- **Analysis**: Octopuses (cephalopods) and mammals (vertebrates) have evolved eyes that serve the same function (vision) but have different structural origins.
- **Conclusion**: This is another example of convergent evolution.

4. **Thorns of Bougainvillea and Tendrils of Cucurbita**:
- **Analysis**: Thorns and tendrils serve different functions (protection vs. support) and do not arise from a similar evolutionary adaptation.
- **Conclusion**: This is not an example of convergent evolution.

5. **Sweet Potato and Potato**:
- **Analysis**: Sweet potato (a root vegetable) and potato (a tuber) are not from the same family and have evolved independently, but they are not examples of convergent evolution as they do not serve similar functions.
- **Conclusion**: This is not an example of convergent evolution.

6. **Vertebrate Hearts and Vertebrate Brains**:
- **Analysis**: Hearts and brains are both organs found in vertebrates but they do not represent convergent evolution as they have a common evolutionary origin.
- **Conclusion**: This is not an example of convergent evolution.

### Final Conclusion:
The pairs that are a result of convergent evolution are:
- Wings of butterflies and wings of birds.
- Flippers of penguins and flippers of dolphins.
- Eyes of octopus and eyes of mammals.

Thus, the correct answer includes options 1, 2, and 3.