In which of the following technique under assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) will not involve in vitro fertilisation ?

Options

A. Test tube baby programme
B. ZIFT
C. ICSI
D. GIFT

Answer

To answer the question "In which of the following techniques under assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) will not involve in vitro fertilization?" we will analyze each option step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding ART**: Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) are medical procedures used primarily to address infertility. They involve manipulating eggs, sperm, or embryos outside the body.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Test Tube Baby Program**: This is a common term for In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). In this process, sperm and eggs are combined in a laboratory dish to facilitate fertilization. Therefore, this technique **involves in vitro fertilization**.

- **Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)**: In this technique, fertilization occurs in vitro (in a lab), and the resulting zygote is then transferred to the fallopian tube. Thus, ZIFT **also involves in vitro fertilization**.

- **Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)**: This is a specialized form of IVF where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg. Since this process takes place in a laboratory, ICSI **involves in vitro fertilization**.

- **Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)**: In this technique, both sperm and eggs are placed directly into the fallopian tubes without fertilization occurring in the lab. This means that fertilization happens naturally within the body. Therefore, GIFT **does not involve in vitro fertilization**.

3. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis, the technique that does not involve in vitro fertilization is **GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer)**.

### Final Answer:
**GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer)** is the technique under assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) that does not involve in vitro fertilization.

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