X-rays and `gamma`-rays of same energies are distinguished by their

Options

A. frequency
B. charges
C. ionising power
D. method of production

Answer

To distinguish between X-rays and gamma rays of the same energy, we can analyze the characteristics and methods of their production. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Understand the Definitions
- **X-rays** are a form of electromagnetic radiation produced by electronic transitions.
- **Gamma rays** are high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from nuclear reactions.

### Step 2: Analyze the Energy and Frequency
- Both X-rays and gamma rays can have the same energy (E). According to the equation \( E = h \nu \) (where \( h \) is Planck's constant and \( \nu \) is the frequency), if they have the same energy, they will also have the same frequency.

### Step 3: Evaluate the Options
- **Frequency**: Since both have the same energy, they also have the same frequency. Therefore, frequency cannot be used to distinguish between them.
- **Charges**: Both X-rays and gamma rays are neutral; they do not carry any charge. Hence, charges cannot be used to differentiate them.
- **Ionizing Power**: Both types of radiation have significant ionizing power, especially at high energies, so this cannot be used for distinction.
- **Method of Production**: This is the key differentiator. X-rays are produced by electronic transitions (e.g., when electrons move between energy levels in an atom), while gamma rays are produced from nuclear reactions (e.g., radioactive decay).

### Step 4: Conclusion
The correct answer is that X-rays and gamma rays of the same energies are distinguished by their **method of production**.

### Final Answer
**D. Method of production**

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