Match the evolution concepts and their proposers and select the right option.
I. Saltation A. Darwin
II. Fomation of life was preceded by chemical evolution. B. Louis Pasteur
III. Reproductive fitness C. de Vries
IV. Life comes from pre-existing life. D. Oparin & Haldane

Options

A. I-C, II-D, III-A, IV-B
B. I-A, II-B, III-C, IV-D
C. I-D, II-C, III-A, IV-B
D. I-C, II-D, III-B, IV-A

Answer

To solve the question of matching evolution concepts with their proposers, we will analyze each concept and identify the correct match step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the First Concept: Saltation**
- Saltation refers to the idea of large, sudden changes in organisms due to mutations, rather than gradual changes. This concept is primarily associated with **C. de Vries**, who proposed that evolution can occur through significant mutations in a single step.
- **Match: I. Saltation → C. de Vries**

2. **Identify the Second Concept: Formation of Life Preceded by Chemical Evolution**
- This concept suggests that life originated from non-living chemical compounds through a series of chemical reactions. This theory is attributed to **D. Oparin & Haldane**, who proposed that the early Earth conditions allowed for the formation of organic compounds leading to the first life forms.
- **Match: II. Formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution → D. Oparin & Haldane**

3. **Identify the Third Concept: Reproductive Fitness**
- Reproductive fitness is a key concept in evolutionary biology that refers to an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. This concept is closely associated with **A. Darwin**, who introduced the idea of natural selection, where reproductive success is a critical factor in evolution.
- **Match: III. Reproductive fitness → A. Darwin**

4. **Identify the Fourth Concept: Life Comes from Pre-existing Life**
- This concept states that living organisms arise from existing living organisms, which is a principle known as biogenesis. This idea is famously associated with **B. Louis Pasteur**, who conducted experiments that disproved spontaneous generation and supported the idea that life comes from pre-existing life.
- **Match: IV. Life comes from pre-existing life → B. Louis Pasteur**

### Summary of Matches:
- I. Saltation → C. de Vries
- II. Formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution → D. Oparin & Haldane
- III. Reproductive fitness → A. Darwin
- IV. Life comes from pre-existing life → B. Louis Pasteur

### Final Answer:
The correct matches are:
- I - C
- II - D
- III - A
- IV - B