Assertion : Ortho nitro phenol is more acidic than meta nitro phenol
Reason : Ortho nitro phenol has more –I effect than meta nitro phenol

Options

A. If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C. If assertion is true but reason is false.
D. If both assertion and reason are false.

Explanation

To solve the question, we need to analyze the assertion and reason given about ortho-nitrophenol and meta-nitrophenol.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Structures**:
- Draw the structures of ortho-nitrophenol and meta-nitrophenol.
- Ortho-nitrophenol: The -OH group is adjacent to the -NO2 group.
- Meta-nitrophenol: The -OH group is separated from the -NO2 group by one carbon.

2. **Analyzing Acidity**:
- The acidity of phenolic compounds is influenced by the ability of substituents to stabilize the negative charge on the phenoxide ion (the conjugate base formed after deprotonation).
- In ortho-nitrophenol, the -NO2 group can exert both a -I (inductive) effect and a -R (resonance) effect. The -R effect (resonance) is particularly significant because it can stabilize the negative charge through resonance structures.

3. **Resonance Effect in Ortho Position**:
- In ortho-nitrophenol, the -NO2 group can participate in resonance, allowing the negative charge to be delocalized. This makes it easier for the -OH group to release a proton (H+), thus increasing acidity.

4. **Resonance Effect in Meta Position**:
- In meta-nitrophenol, the -NO2 group does not effectively participate in resonance with the -OH group. The -NO2 group can only exert a -I effect, which does not stabilize the negative charge as effectively as the -R effect does in ortho-nitrophenol.

5. **Conclusion on Acidity**:
- Since ortho-nitrophenol has both -I and -R effects contributing to its acidity, while meta-nitrophenol only has a -I effect, ortho-nitrophenol is indeed more acidic than meta-nitrophenol.

6. **Evaluating the Assertion and Reason**:
- **Assertion**: "Ortho-nitrophenol is more acidic than meta-nitrophenol" is **true**.
- **Reason**: "Ortho-nitrophenol has more -I effect than meta-nitrophenol" is **false** because both have similar -I effects, but the -R effect in ortho-nitrophenol is what makes it more acidic.

### Final Answer:
The assertion is true, but the reason is false. Therefore, the correct option is that the assertion is true and the reason is false.

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