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Explain terms: a. Free fall b. Acceler...

Explain terms:
a. Free fall b. Acceleration due to gravity
c Escape velocity d. Centripetal force
e. Potential energy

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

a. Free fall:
When a body falls towards the Eath under the influence of the Earth's gravity alone, its motion is called free fall.
b. Acceleration due to gravity:
The gravitational force due to earth on a body results inits acceleration. This is called acceleration due to gravity.
c. Escape velocity:
The minimum initial velocity needed by an object projected upwards, to overcome Earths gravitational force and not fall back on Earth is called escape velocity.
d. Centripetal force:
d. Centripetal force:
The force that acts on any object moving along as circle, directed towards the centre of the circle is called centripetal force.
e. Potential energy:
The energy possesed due to position or configuration is called potential energy.
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Take a small stone. Hold it in your hand. We know that the force gravity due to the earth acts on each and every object. When we were holding the stone in our hand, the stone was experiencing this force, but it was balanced by a force that we were applying on it in the opposite direction. As a result, the stone remained at rest. Once we release the stone from our hands the only force that acts on it is the gravitational force of the earth and the stone falls down under its influence. Whenever an object moves under the influence of the force of gravity alone, it is said to be falling freely. Thus the released stone is in a free fall. In free fall, the initial velocity of the object is zero and goes on increasing due to acceleration due to gravity of the earth. During free fall, the frictional force due to air opposes the motion of the object and buoyant force also acts on the object. Thus, true free fall is possible only in vacuum. For a freely falling object, the velocity on reaching the earth and the time taken for it can be calculated by using Newton's equations of motion. For free fall the initial velocity u=0 and the acceleration a=g . Thus, we can write the equations as v="gt",s=1/2"gt"^(2),v^(2)=2gs For calculating the motion of an object thrown upwards, acceleration is negative, i.e. in a direction opposite to the velocity and is taken to be -g. The magnitude of g is the same but the velocity of the object decreases due to -ve acceleration. The moon and the artificial satellites are moving only under the influence of the gravitational field of the earth. Thus they are in free fall. What is the initial velocity and what is the effect of gravitational acceleration on the object in free fall?

Take a small stone. Hold it in your hand. We know that the force gravity due to the earth acts on each and every object. When we were holding the stone in our hand, the stone was experiencing this force, but it was balanced by a force that we were applying on it in the opposite direction. As a result, the stone remained at rest. Once we release the stone from our hands the only force that acts on it is the gravitational force of the earth and the stone falls down under its influence. Whenever an object moves under the influence of the force of gravity alone, it is said to be falling freely. Thus the released stone is in a free fall. In free fall, the initial velocity of the object is zero and goes on increasing due to acceleration due to gravity of the earth. During free fall, the frictional force due to air opposes the motion of the object and a buoyant force also acts on the object. Thus, true free fall is possible only in vacuum. For a freely falling object, the velocity on reaching the earth and the time taken for it can be calculated by using Newton's equations of motion. For free fall the initial velocity u=0 and the acceleration a=g . Thus, we can write the equations as v="gt",s=1/2"gt"^(2),v^(2)=2gs For calculating the motion of an object thrown upwards, acceleration is negative, i.e. in a direction opposite to the velocity and is taken to be -g. The magnitude of g is the same but the velocity of the object decreases due to -ve acceleration. The moon and the artificial satellites are moving only under the influence of the gravitational field of the earth. Thus they are in free fall. Which force acts on the stone in free fall after you release it?

Knowledge Check

  • Assertion: A Magnetized iron bar is dropped vertically through a hollow region of a thick cylindrical shell made of copper. The bar will fall with an acceleration less than acceleration due to gravity. Reason: The emf induced in the bar causes a retarding force to act on the falling bar. Which of the following is correct ?

    A
    Both Assertion and reason are true and reason explains assertion correctly.
    B
    Both Assertion and Reason are false and reason does not explain assertion correctly.
    C
    Assertion is true but reason is false.
    D
    Assertion is false but reason is true.

  • Assertion: If a pendulum falls freely, then its time period is infinity. Reason: Free falling body has acceleration equal to acceleration due to gravity. Choose the correct statement of the following statements.

    A
    Both assertion and reason are true and reason explains assertion correctly.
    B
    Both assertion and reason are true and reason does not explain assertion correctly.
    C
    Both assertion and reason are false.
    D
    Assertion is true but reason is false.

  • Assertion: If a pendulum falls freely, then its time period is infinity. Reason: Free falling body has acceleration equal to acceleration due to gravity. Choose the correct statement of the following statements.

    A
    Both assertion and reason are true and reason explains assertion correctly.
    B
    Both assertion and reason are true and reason does not explain assertion correctly.
    C
    Both assertion and reason are false.
    D
    Assertion is true but reason is false.

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    Explore conceptually related problems

    Take a small stone. Hold it in your hand. We know that the force gravity due to the earth acts on each and every object. When we were holding the stone in our hand, the stone was experiencing this force, but it was balanced by a force that we were applying onn it in the opposite direction. As a result, the stone remained at rest. Once we release the stone from our hands the only force that acts onit is the gravitational force of the earth and the stone falls down under its influence. Whenever an object moves under the influence of the force of gravity alone, it is said to be falling freely. Thus the released stone is in a free fall. In free fall, the initial velocity of the object is zero and goes on increasing due to acceleration due to gravity of the earth. During free fall, the frictional force due to air opposes the motion of the object anda buoyant force also acts on the object. Thus, true free fall is posible only in vacuum. For a freely falling object, the velocity on reachign the earth and the time taken for it can be calculated by using Newton's eqwuations of motion. For free fall the initial velocity u=0 and the acceleration a=g . Thus, we can write the equations as v="gt",s=1/2"gt"^(2),v^(2)=2gs For calculating the motion of an object thrown upwards, acceleration is negative, i.e. in a direction opposite ot the velocity and is taken to be -g. The magnitude of g is the same but the velocity of the object decreases due to -ve acceleration. The moon and the artificial satellites are moving only under the influence of the gravitational field of the earth. Thus they are in free fall. What is free fall?

    Take a small stone. Hold it in your hand. We know that the force gravity due to the earth acts on each and every object. When we were holding the stone in our hand, the stone was experiencing this force, but it was balanced by a force that we were applying onn it in the opposite direction. As a result, the stone remained at rest. Once we release the stone from our hands the only force that acts onit is the gravitational force of the earth and the stone falls down under its influence. Whenever an object moves under the influence of the force of gravity alone, it is said to be falling freely. Thus the released stone is in a free fall. In free fall, the initial velocity of the object is zero and goes on increasing due to acceleration due to gravity of the earth. During free fall, the frictional force due to air opposes the motion of the object anda buoyant force also acts on the object. Thus, true free fall is posible only in vacuum. For a freely falling object, the velocity on reachign the earth and the time taken for it can be calculated by using Newton's eqwuations of motion. For free fall the initial velocity u=0 and the acceleration a=g . Thus, we can write the equations as v="gt",s=1/2"gt"^(2),v^(2)=2gs For calculating the motion of an object thrown upwards, acceleration is negative, i.e. in a direction opposite ot the velocity and is taken to be -g. The magnitude of g is the same but the velocity of the object decreases due to -ve acceleration. The moon and the artificial satellites are moving only under the influence of the gravitational field of the earth. Thus they are in free fall. Write kinematic equations used in free fall?

    Take a small stone. Hold it in your hand. We know that the force gravity due to the earth acts on each and every object. When we were holding the stone in our hand, the stone was experiencing this force, but it was balanced by a force that we were applying onn it in the opposite direction. As a result, the stone remained at rest. Once we release the stone from our hands the only force that acts onit is the gravitational force of the earth and the stone falls down under its influence. Whenever an object moves under the influence of the force of gravity alone, it is said to be falling freely. Thus the released stone is in a free fall. In free fall, the initial velocity of the object is zero and goes on increasing due toi acceleration due to gravity of the earth. During free fall, the frictional force due to air opposes the motion of the object anda buoyant force also acts on the object. Thus, true free fall is posible only in vacuum. For a freely falling object, the velocity on reachign the earth and the time taken for it can be calculated by using Newton's eqwuations of motion. For free fall the initial velocity u=0 and the acceleration a=g . Thus, we can write the equations as v="gt",s=1/2"gt"^(2),v^(2)=2gs For calculating the motion of an object thrown upwards, acceleration is negative, i.e. in a direction opposite ot the velocity and is taken to be -g. The magnitude of g is the same but the velocity of the object decreases due to -ve acceleration. The moon and the artificial satellites are moving only under the influence of the gravitational field of the earth. Thus they are in free fall. Which force acts on the stone when held in the hand?

    The escape velocity v of a body depends upon (i) the acceleration due to gravity of the planet and (ii) the radius of the planet R. Establish dimensionally the relationship between v, g and R.

    The escape velocity v of a body depends upon (i) the acceleration due to gravity of the planet and (ii) the radius of the planet R. Establish dimensionally the relationship between v, g and R.

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