Which of the following statemetns is correct?

Options

A. Both phenyl cation and anion are more stable than cyclohexyl cation and anion.
B. Both phenylcation andanion are less stable that cyclohexyl cation and anion.
C. phenyl cation is less stable than cyclohexyl cation while phenyl anion is more stable than cyclohexyl anion.
D. Phenyl cation is more stable than cyclohexyl cation cation while phenyl anion is less stable than cyclohexyl anion.

Explanation

To determine which statement is correct regarding the stability of phenyl and cyclohexyl cations and anions, we can analyze each option step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Structures**:
- **Phenyl Cation**: The phenyl cation (C6H5^+) has a positive charge on a carbon atom that is part of a benzene ring. This structure is sp² hybridized.
- **Phenyl Anion**: The phenyl anion (C6H5^-) has a negative charge on a carbon atom in the benzene ring.
- **Cyclohexyl Cation**: The cyclohexyl cation (C6H11^+) is a saturated structure with a positive charge on one of the carbon atoms, which is sp³ hybridized.
- **Cyclohexyl Anion**: The cyclohexyl anion (C6H11^-) has a negative charge on a carbon atom in the cyclohexane structure.

2. **Stability of Cations**:
- The phenyl cation is less stable due to the resonance stabilization being less effective for a positive charge compared to the cyclohexyl cation. The cyclohexyl cation is more stable because it is sp³ hybridized and can better accommodate the positive charge.
- Therefore, **Phenyl cation is less stable than Cyclohexyl cation**.

3. **Stability of Anions**:
- The phenyl anion is more stable than the cyclohexyl anion. The negative charge on the phenyl anion can be stabilized by resonance throughout the benzene ring, while the cyclohexyl anion does not have such resonance stabilization.
- Therefore, **Phenyl anion is more stable than Cyclohexyl anion**.

4. **Evaluating the Statements**:
- **Statement 1**: "Both phenyl cation and anions are more stable than cyclohexyl cation and anion." - This is incorrect.
- **Statement 2**: "Both phenyl cation and anion are less stable." - This is also incorrect.
- **Statement 3**: "Phenyl cation is less stable than cyclohexyl cation, while phenyl anion is more stable than cyclohexyl anion." - This is correct.
- **Statement 4**: "Phenyl cation is more stable." - This is incorrect.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The correct statement is **Statement 3**: "Phenyl cation is less stable than cyclohexyl cation, while phenyl anion is more stable than cyclohexyl anion."