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Account for reducing nature of Formic ac...

Account for reducing nature of Formic acid.

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(i) Formic acid (HCOOH) is unique because it contains both an aldehyde group and carboxyl group also.

(ii) Hence it can act as a reducing agent. It reduces Fehling's solution Tollen's reagent and decolourises pink coloured `KMnO_(4)` solution.
(iii) Whereas in acetic acid, there is no aldehyde group and it cannot act as reducing agent.
(iv) Formic acid reduces ammoniacal silver nitrate solution (Tollen's reagent) to metallic silver.
`HCOOH+Ag_(2)OtoH_(2)O+CO_(2)+2Agdarr` (metallic silver)
(v) Formic acid reduces Fehling's solution. It reduces blue coloured cupric ions to red coloured cuprous ions.
`HCOO^(-)+underset(("blue"))(2Cu^(2+))+5OH^(-)toCO_(3)^(2-)+underset("(red)")(Cu_(2)O)+3H_(2)O`
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Knowledge Check

  • Assertion(A): Formic acid can act as a strong reducing agent Reason (R): Formic acid contains both aldehyde as well as an acid group.

    A
    Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
    B
    Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A
    C
    A is correct but R is wrong
    D
    A is wrong but R is correct

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