Write an essay on s, p, d and f-block elements.

Explanation

Depending upon the entering of differentiating electron into the atomic orbitals, the elements of long form of periodic table are divided into four blocks. They are s,p,d and f-block.
s-Block:
(1) The element, in which the differnetiating electron enters the s-sub-level are called s-block elements.
(2) In this block, there are two group. They are IA and IIA.
(3) The valence electron configuration of element of IA group is `ns^(-1)` and that of IIA is `ns^(2)`.
(4) The elements of IA are Alkali metals and IIA are Alkaline earth metals.
(5) These are metals and are highly reactive.
p-Block:
(1) The elements is which the differentiating electron enters the p- sub-level are called p-block elements.
(2) In this block, there are six groups. They are IIIA, IVA, VA, VI, VIIA, and '0'.
(3) The valence electron configuration of the elements of these groups varies from `ns^(2)np^(1)` to `ns^(2)np^(6)`.
(4) It includes metals, non-metals, metalloids, noble gases.
d-Block:
(1) The elements in which the differentiating electron enters into d - sub-level are called d-block elements.
(2) In this block, there are ten groups. They are IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB, IIB.
(3) The general outer configuration of d-block elements is `(n-1)^(1-10) ns^(1-2)`.
(4) These elements are also known as Transition elements.
(5) These are all metals having high H.P and B.P.

f-Block:
(1) The elements in which the differnetiating electron enters into f-orbital are called f-block elements.
(2) In this block, there are 14 groups. They have no disignation.
(3) Their general outer configuration is, `(n-2)f^(1-14) (n-1)d^(0-1)ns^(2)`.
(4) The f-block elements are arranged separately at the bottom in two rows.
(5) The elements of first row are called lanthanides and in these elements the valence electron enters into 4f orbital.
(6) The elements of second row are called actinides and in these elements the valence electron enters into 5f orbital.
(7) All the f-block elements are also known as Inner Transition elements.
(8) There are all metals.