R-X + NaOH `rarr` ROH + Na X, The above reaction is classified as:

Options

A. Nucleophilic substitution
B. Electrophilic substitution
C. Reduction
D. Oxidation

Answer

To classify the reaction R-X + NaOH → ROH + NaX, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Reactants and Products
- The reactants in this reaction are R-X (an alkyl halide) and NaOH (sodium hydroxide).
- The products formed are ROH (an alcohol) and NaX (sodium halide).

**Hint:** Look at the structure of the reactants and products to understand what is happening in the reaction.

### Step 2: Understand the Nature of Alkyl Halide
- Alkyl halides have a carbon atom bonded to a halogen (X). The halogen is more electronegative, creating a partial positive charge on the carbon atom, making it an electrophile.

**Hint:** Recall that electrophiles are species that accept electrons, often due to a partial positive charge.

### Step 3: Identify the Role of Sodium Hydroxide
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissociates into Na⁺ and OH⁻ ions in solution. The hydroxide ion (OH⁻) acts as a nucleophile because it can donate a pair of electrons.

**Hint:** Nucleophiles are species that donate electrons to electrophiles.

### Step 4: Analyze the Reaction Mechanism
- In the reaction, the nucleophilic hydroxide ion (OH⁻) attacks the electrophilic carbon atom of the alkyl halide (R-X).
- This results in the substitution of the halide (X) with the hydroxyl group (OH), forming an alcohol (ROH) and releasing the halide ion (X⁻) as a sodium halide (NaX).

**Hint:** Consider how nucleophiles interact with electrophiles to form new bonds.

### Step 5: Classify the Reaction
- Since the hydroxide ion replaces the halide ion in the alkyl halide, this reaction is classified as a nucleophilic substitution reaction.

**Hint:** Look for keywords like "substitution" in the context of nucleophiles replacing electrophiles.

### Conclusion
The reaction R-X + NaOH → ROH + NaX is classified as a **nucleophilic substitution reaction**.

**Final Answer:** Option 1 is correct.

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