Which of the following statements is true is case of alkyl halides ?

Options

A. They are polar in nature
B. They can form hydrogen bonds
C. They are highly soluble in water
D. They undergo addition reactions

Answer

To determine which statement is true regarding alkyl halides, let's analyze the characteristics of alkyl halides step by step.

### Step 1: Understanding Alkyl Halides
Alkyl halides are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and halogen atoms. They can be represented by the general formula R-X, where R is an alkyl group and X is a halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I).

### Step 2: Polarity of Alkyl Halides
Alkyl halides are polar due to the presence of a halogen atom, which is more electronegative than carbon. This creates a dipole moment in the molecule. For example, in CH3Cl (methyl chloride), the chlorine atom pulls electron density towards itself, resulting in a partial negative charge on the chlorine and a partial positive charge on the carbon.

**Hint:** Remember that polarity arises from differences in electronegativity between atoms.

### Step 3: Solubility in Water
Alkyl halides are generally not highly soluble in water. While small alkyl halides may exhibit some solubility due to their polar nature, larger alkyl halides become increasingly non-polar and thus less soluble in water. Ionic compounds and very polar compounds tend to be highly soluble in water, while larger alkyl halides do not fit this criterion.

**Hint:** Consider the size of the alkyl group and its effect on polarity and solubility.

### Step 4: Hydrogen Bond Formation
Alkyl halides do not form hydrogen bonds like alcohols or amines do. Although they are polar, they lack the necessary -OH or -NH groups that are required for hydrogen bonding. Therefore, the statement that alkyl halides can form hydrogen bonds is incorrect.

**Hint:** Identify the functional groups that are capable of hydrogen bonding.

### Step 5: Types of Reactions
Alkyl halides primarily undergo nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions rather than addition reactions. Addition reactions are characteristic of alkenes and alkynes, not alkyl halides.

**Hint:** Recall the types of reactions associated with different classes of organic compounds.

### Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
1. Alkyl halides are polar in nature (True).
2. They can form hydrogen bonds (False).
3. They are highly soluble in water (False).
4. They undergo addition reactions (False).

Thus, the true statement regarding alkyl halides is that they are polar in nature.

**Final Answer:** The correct statement is that alkyl halides are polar in nature.