What will happen during the ventricular systole?
a. Bicuspid and tricuspid valves are open
b. Bicuspid and tricuspid valves are closed
(c ). Semilunar valves are open
d. Semilunar valves are close

Options

A. a and c
B. b andd
C. a and d
D. b and c

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Ventricular Systole**: Ventricular systole is the phase of the cardiac cycle where the ventricles contract. This contraction is initiated by an action potential generated by the sinoatrial (SA) node, which spreads through the heart and causes the ventricular muscles to contract.

2. **Pressure Changes During Systole**: As the ventricles contract, the pressure inside them increases. This increase in pressure is crucial for the functioning of the heart valves.

3. **Closure of Atrioventricular Valves**: The increase in ventricular pressure during systole causes the atrioventricular valves (the bicuspid and tricuspid valves) to close. This closure prevents the backflow of blood into the atria from the ventricles.

4. **Opening of Semilunar Valves**: As the pressure continues to rise in the ventricles, it eventually exceeds the pressure in the arteries (the aorta and pulmonary artery). This pressure difference forces the semilunar valves (which guard these arteries) to open, allowing blood to be ejected from the ventricles into the systemic and pulmonary circulation.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, during ventricular systole:
- The bicuspid and tricuspid valves are closed (option b).
- The semilunar valves are open (option c).

**Final Answer**: The correct options are **b (Bicuspid and tricuspid valves are closed)** and **c (Semilunar valves are open)**.

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