Gold dissolves in aqua regia but silver ...

Gold dissolves in aqua regia but silver remains insoluble. Explain.

Text Solution

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Aqua regia is a mixture of conc. HCl and conc. `HNO_(3)` in the ratio of 3 : 1 by volume. Gold forms a soluble complex on heating with aqua regia

Silver forms a white precipitate of silver chloride on reacting with nascent chlorine. The precipitate is water insoluble.
`Ag +Cl to underset(("White ppt."))(AgCl)`

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Gold dissolves in aqua regia forming

`Au(NO_3)_2`

`H[AuCl_4]`

`AuCl`

`AuNO_3`

Gold dissolves in aqua regia to produce

`AuCl_(4)`

`HAuCl_(4)`

`HAuCl_(3)`

`[Au(CN)_(2)]`

Aqua regia is

`conc. HC + conc. HNO_3 in 1: 3 ratio`

`dil. HCI and di.HNO_3 in 3:1 ratio`

`dil. HCT and dil. HNO_3 in 3:1 ratio`

`conc. HCl and conc. HNO_3 in 3 : 1 ratio`