how will you account for the presence of large number of organic compund

Knowing the electron gain enthalpy values for O to O^(-) " and " O to O^(2-) " as " -141 " kJ mol"^(-1) " and " 702 " kJ mol"^(-1) respectively, how can you account for the formation of a large number of oxides having O^(2-) species and not O^(-) ?

Knowing the electron gain enthalpy values for O rarr O^(Ө) and O rarr O^(2-) as - 141 kJ mol^-1 and + 702 kJ mol^-1 respectively, how can you account for the formation of a large number of oxides having O^(2-) species and not O^(Ө) ?

The presence of halogen, in an organic compounds, is detected by