The test to distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary amine is

Options

A. Mustrard oil test
B. `C_(6)H_(5)SO_(2)Cl`
C. Sandmeyer's reaction
D. Carbylamine reaction

Answer

To distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, we can use Hinsberg's reagent, which is benzene sulfonyl chloride (C6H5SO2Cl). Here’s a step-by-step explanation of how this test works:

### Step 1: Understanding the Reaction
- **Primary Amines**: When a primary amine reacts with benzene sulfonyl chloride, it forms a sulfonamide that is soluble in alkaline solutions.
- **Secondary Amines**: When a secondary amine reacts with benzene sulfonyl chloride, it also forms a sulfonamide, but this product is insoluble in alkaline solutions.
- **Tertiary Amines**: Tertiary amines do not react with benzene sulfonyl chloride at all.

### Step 2: Performing the Test
1. **Prepare the Sample**: Take the amine sample (either primary, secondary, or tertiary).
2. **Add Benzene Sulfonyl Chloride**: Introduce benzene sulfonyl chloride to the amine sample in a suitable solvent.
3. **Observe the Reaction**:
- If a product forms and is soluble in a base, the amine is primary.
- If a product forms but is insoluble in a base, the amine is secondary.
- If there is no reaction, the amine is tertiary.

### Step 3: Analyzing the Results
- **Primary Amine**: Formation of a soluble sulfonamide.
- **Secondary Amine**: Formation of an insoluble sulfonamide.
- **Tertiary Amine**: No reaction observed.

### Conclusion
The test using benzene sulfonyl chloride (Hinsberg's reagent) effectively distinguishes between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines based on the solubility of the resulting sulfonamide products.

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