IF `C_2H_5 OH and H_2O` solution is example of non-ideal solution then which graphically representation is correct?

Options

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Answer

To determine the correct graphical representation for a solution of ethanol (C2H5OH) and water (H2O), which is an example of a non-ideal solution, we will analyze the behavior of the solution based on Raoult's Law and the concept of deviations from ideality.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Ideal vs Non-Ideal Solutions**:
- An ideal solution follows Raoult's Law perfectly, where the vapor pressure of each component is directly proportional to its mole fraction in the solution.
- Non-ideal solutions exhibit deviations from Raoult's Law, which can be either positive or negative.

2. **Identifying the Type of Deviation**:
- Ethanol and water form a non-ideal solution that shows positive deviation. This occurs because the interactions between ethanol and water molecules are weaker than the interactions between ethanol-ethanol or water-water molecules.

3. **Graphical Representation**:
- For a positive deviation, the total vapor pressure of the solution is higher than what would be predicted by Raoult's Law.
- The graph of vapor pressure (y-axis) against mole fraction (x-axis) will show a curve that lies above the ideal line (which would be a straight line if it were ideal).

4. **Drawing the Graph**:
- On the x-axis, plot the mole fraction of ethanol (C2H5OH) and on the y-axis, plot the total vapor pressure of the solution.
- Draw a straight line representing the ideal behavior based on the individual vapor pressures of the components.
- Then, draw a curve that starts below the ideal line at low mole fractions and rises above it, indicating the positive deviation.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The correct graphical representation for the solution of ethanol and water is a curve that shows a positive deviation from Raoult's Law, indicating that the total vapor pressure is greater than expected.