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An isothermal process is essentially a v...

An isothermal process is essentially a very slow process' .Explain.

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The volume and the pressure of a system change in an isothermal process, but the temperature remains constant. For example, during the expansion of a gas, as the internal energy of the gas is converted into work, the temperature of the gas tends to fall. But if the expansion is very slow, the gas gets sufficient time to take heat from the surroundings. This heat does the work and the internal energy is not used up. Hence, the temperature remains constant.
Similarly, during compression, Work is done on the gas Hence, heat is generated in the gas. But in a very slow compression, the gas gets sufficient time to lose this heat to the surroundings. As a result, the temperature remains constant.
So, an isothermal processes essential a very slow process.
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Knowledge Check

  • The initial state of 1 mol of an ideal gas is (P_(1),V_(1),T_(1)) . The gas is expanded by a reversible isothermal process and also by a reversible adiabatic process separately. If final volume of the gas is same in both the processes, and changes in internal energy in the isothermal and adiabatic processes are DeltaU_(1) and DeltaU_(2) respectively, then-

    A
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    C
    `DeltaU_(1) gt DeltaU_(2)`
    D
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