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How would you account for the following ...

How would you account for the following : (i) Many of the transition elements are virtually the same as those of the corresponding members of the second series.
(iii) There is a greater range of oxidation states among the actinoids than among the lanthanoids.

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(i) Many transition elements and their compounds act as catalysts . The catalytic activity is due to their ability to exhibit multiple oxidation states . For example , `V_(2)O_(5)` in contact process and finely divided iron in Haber process.
(ii) This is due to the intervention of the 4f orbitals which must be filled before the 5d series of element begin . the filling of 4f before 5d orbitals results in a regular decrease in atomic radill Lanthanoid contraction.
(iii) This is due to the fact that 5f , 6f and 7s levels are of comparable energies.
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How would you account for the following? (i) The atomic radii of the metals of the third (5d) series of transition elements are virtually the same as those of the corresponding member of the second (4d) serie (ii) The E^(@) value for the Mn^(3+)//Mn^(2+) couple is much more positive than that for Cr^(3+)//Cr^(2+) couple of Fe^(3+)//Fe^(2+) couple. (iii) The highest oxidation state of a metal is exhibited in its oxides or fluoride.

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How would you account for the following ? (i) Many of the transition elements are known to form interstitial compounds. (ii) The metallic radii of the third (5d) series of transition metals are virtually the same as those of the corresponding group members of the second (4d) series (iii) Lanthanoids from primarily +3 ions, while the actinoids +1 usually have higher oxidation state in their compounds , +4 or even +6being typical.

How would you account for the following ? (i) Many of the transition elements are known to form interstitial compounds. (ii) The metallic radii of the third (5d) series of transition metals are virtually the same as those of the correponding group members of the second (4d) series. (iii) Lanthanoids from primarily +3 ions, while the actinoids usually have higher oxidation states in their compounds , +4 or even +6 being typical.

How would you account for the following ? (i) Many of the transition elements are known to form interstitial compound ? (ii) The metallic radii of third (5d) series of transition metals are virtually the same as those of the corresponding group member of second (4d) series. (iii) Lanthanoids form primarily +3 ions while the actinoids usually have higher oxidation state in their compounds, +4 or even +6 being typical.

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