(a) Define Ideal and Non-ideal solutions and give one example of each.
(b) Define Henry's law. Give two applications of Henry's law.

Explanation

(a) Ideal solution. A solution is said to be ideal if it satisfies the following conditions :
(i) It obeys Raoult.s law at all temperatures and concentrations.
(ii) `Delta V_("(mix)") = 0 `
(ii) `Delta H_("(mix)") = 0`
For example, Benzene + Toluene
Non-ideal solution. A solution is said to be non-ideal if (i) it does not obey Raoult.s law at all temperatures and concentrations.
(ii) `Delta V_(" (mix)") ne 0 `
(iii) `Delta H_("( mix)")ne 0`
For example, Water + Ethyl alcohol
(b) Henry.s law. It states that the mass of the gas (m) dissolved in a given volume of the liquid at constant temperature is directly proportional to the pressure (P) of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid.
`m prop P`
(i) In preparing soda water drinks, carbon dioxide is dissolved in water under pressure and bottle is sealed under pressure.
(ii) Deep divers use cylinder containing `O_2, N_2,` and He for respiration. ·