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Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophil...

Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions. With weak nucleophiles such as ammonia and its derivatives, `(H_2 N-Z)`, aldehydes and ketones react in weakly acidic medium to form compounds containing carbonnitrogen double bond with the elimination of water to form . Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to carboxylic acid on treatment with common oxidising agents like `KMnO_4 K_2 Cr_2 O_7 , HNO_3`, etc. The carboxylic acid formed contain the same number of carbon atoms as the aldehydes. However ketones under drastic conditions with powerful oxidising agents undergo cleavage of C-C bond giving mixture of carboxylic acids having lesser number of C atoms than the original ketone.
Arrange the following in the decreasing order of their reactivity towards HCN:
` HCHo , CH_3 COCH_3 , CH_3 CHO ,C_6 H_5 CHO`

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

`HCHO gt CH_3 CHO gt C_6 H_5 CHO gt CH_3 COCH_3`
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Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions. With weak nucleophiles such as ammonia and its derivatives, (H_2 N-Z) , aldehydes and ketones react in weakly acidic medium to form compounds containing carbonnitrogen double bond with the elimination of water to form . Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to carboxylic acid on treatment with common oxidising agents like KMnO_4 K_2 Cr_2 O_7 , HNO_3 , etc. The carboxylic acid formed contain the same number of carbon atoms as the aldehydes. However ketones under drastic conditions with powerful oxidising agents undergo cleavage of C-C bond giving mixture of carboxylic acids having lesser number of C atoms than the original ketone. Write the reaction of acetone with semicarbazide.

Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions. With weak nucleophiles such as ammonia and its derivatives, (H_2 N-Z) , aldehydes and ketones react in weakly acidic medium to form compounds containing carbonnitrogen double bond with the elimination of water to form . Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to carboxylic acid on treatment with common oxidising agents like KMnO_4 K_2 Cr_2 O_7 , HNO_3 , etc. The carboxylic acid formed contain the same number of carbon atoms as the aldehydes. However ketones under drastic conditions with powerful oxidising agents undergo cleavage of C-C bond giving mixture of carboxylic acids having lesser number of C atoms than the original ketone. Name the product formed when formaldehyde reacts with ammonia.

Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic/electrophilic addition reactions.

A : Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reaction. R : Aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl group.

Ketones give nucleophilic addition reactions more readily than aldehydes.

Aldehydes are less easily oxidised than ketones.

Nucleophilic addition reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones- Part 2

Nucleophilic addition reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones- Part 1

Aldehydes and ketones form hydrocarbons by