What is Hardy-Weinberg principle? Which factors affect the principle? Give its significance.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution

**Step 1: Define the Hardy-Weinberg Principle**
The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that in a large, randomly mating population, the allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences. This means that if no external factors disrupt the population, the genetic makeup will not change over time.

**Step 2: Identify the Factors Affecting the Hardy-Weinberg Principle**
There are five main factors that can affect the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium:
1. **Mutation**: Changes in the DNA sequence that can introduce new alleles into a population.
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