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Why do transition elements show variable...

Why do transition elements show variable oxidation states ? In 3d series (Sc to Zn), which element shows the maximum number of oxidation states and why ?

Text Solution

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Transition elements show variable oxidation states because the energies of (n − 1)d and ns are similar. Electrons from both may take part in bonding giving variable oxidation states.
Manganese shows the maximum number of oxidation states. It has the electronic configuration `3d^(5)4s^(2)`. On sharing 2 electrons of 4s and successive sharing of 5 electrons of 3d orbital, it gives oxidation states of +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 and +7.
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Knowledge Check

  • Transition metals show variable oxidation states because of :

    A
    participation of nd electrons along with np electrons
    B
    participation of (n-1)d and ns electrons
    C
    participation of (n-1)d and np electrons
    D
    None of these is correct

  • Which element does not show variable oxidation state ?

    A
    Sc
    B
    V
    C
    Fe
    D
    Hg

  • Which of the following shows maximum number of oxidation states :-

    A
    Cr
    B
    Fe
    C
    Mn
    D
    V

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    Explore conceptually related problems

    (a) Why do transition elements show variable oxidation states? (i) Name the element showing maximum number of oxidation states among the first series of transition metals from Sc (Z = 21) to Zn (Z = 30). (ii) Name the element which shows only + 3 oxidation state. (b) What is lanthanoid contraction? Name an important alloy which contains some of the lanthanoid metals.

    Why do actinoid elements show wide range of oxidation states ?

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    Which element of group V A shows maximum oxidation states ?

    Which transition element does not exhibit variable oxidation state?

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