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C, Si and Ge have same lattice structure...

C, Si and Ge have same lattice structure. Why is C insulator,
while Si and Ge intrinsic semiconductors ?

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

The 4 bonding electrons of C, Si or Ge lie, respectively, in the second, third and fourth orbit. Hence, energy required to take out an electron from these atoms (i.e., "ionisation energy" `E_(g)`) will be least for Ge, followed by Si and highest for C. Hence, number of free electrons for conduction in Ge and Si are significant but negligibly small for C.
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Knowledge Check

  • Carbon , silicon and germanium have four valence elcectrons each . These are characterised by valence and conduction bands separated by energy band - gap respectively equal to (E_g)_(c) (E_g)_(si) and (E_g)_(Ge) . Which of the following statements ture ?

    A
    `(E_g)_(Si) lt (E_g)_(Ge) lt (E_g)_C`
    B
    `(E_g)_(C) lt (E_g)_(Ge) lt (E_g)_(Si)`
    C
    `(E_g)_(C) gt (E_g)_(Si) gt (E_g)_(Ge)`
    D
    `(E_g)_(C) = (E_g)_(Si) =(E_g)_(Ge)`

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