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'Stability of carbocations depends upon ...

'Stability of carbocations depends upon the electron releasing inductive effect of groups adjacent to positively charged atom involvement of neighbouring groups in hyperconjugation and resonace''.
Which of the following ions is more stable ? Use resonance of explain your answer.

Text Solution

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Carbocation (A) is more stable than carbocation (B). Carbocation (A) is more planar and hence is stabilised by resonance while carbocation (B) is non-planar and hence it does not undergo resonance. Further, double bond is more stable within the ring in comparison to outside the ring
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'Stability of carbocations depends upon the electron releasing inductive effect of groups adjacent to positively charged atom involvement of neighbouring groups in hyperconjugation and resonace''. The structure of triphenylmethyl cation is given below. This is very stable and some of its salts can be stored for months. Explain the cause of high stability of this cation

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Knowledge Check

  • Cyclonexane exists its two chair conformations in rapid equilrium at room temperature. Each carbon atom on a cyclohexane ring has one axial and one equatorial hydrogen. Ring-flipping converts axial II's to equatorial H's and vice-versa. In substituted cyclohexane, groups larger than hydrogen are more stable in the equatorial position. The cis isomer has two groups on the same side of the ring, either both up or both down. The trans isomer has two groups on opposite side of the ring one up and one down. Which of the following is most stable conformer of 1,2-dichlorocyclohexane?

    A
    B
    C
    D
    All have equal stability

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    'Stability of carbocations depends upon the electron releasing inductive effect of groups adjacent to positively charged atom involvement of neighbouring groups in hyperconjugation and resonace''. Draw the possible resonance structures for CH_(3) - underset(..)overset(..)(O) - overset(+)(C) H_(2) and predict which of the structures is more stable. Give reason for your answer.

    Reaction intermdiates are short lived species and are highly reactive. They are formed by heterolytic and homolytic bond fission. There are various types of reaction intermediates in which the most important are carbocation , carbanion and free radical. Carbocation is an organic species in which carbon have positive charge and six electrons in its outermost shell. The stability of carbocation can be increased by positive inductive effect, hyperconjugation and delocalisation. If alpha -atom with respect to carbocation has one or more lone pair of electron then lone pair of electron strongly stabilises the carbocation due to octet completion. Species in which carbon have negative charge is called carbanion. Carbanion carries three bond pairs and one lone pair. The stability of carbanion can be increased by negative inductive effect, negative mesomeric effect and delocalisation. Free radical is a species which have seven electrons in its outermost shell. The stability of free radical can be increased by hyperconjugation and delocalisation. Which of the following is the most stable carbanion intermediate ?

    Reaction intermdiates are short lived species and are highly reactive. They are formed by heterolytic and homolytic bond fission. There are various types of reaction intermediates in which the most important are carbocation , carbanion and free radical. Carbocation is an organic species in which carbon have positive charge and six electrons in its outermost shell. The stability of carbocation can be increased by positive inductive effect, hyperconjugation and delocalisation. If alpha -atom with respect to carbocation has one or more lone pair of electron then lone pair of electron strongly stabilises the carbocation due to octet completion. Species in which carbon have negative charge is called carbanion. Carbanion carries three bond pairs and one lone pair. The stability of carbanion can be increased by negative inductive effect, negative mesomeric effect and delocalisation. Free radical is a species which have seven electrons in its outermost shell. The stability of free radical can be increased by hyperconjugation and delocalisation. The stability order of following carbocations is

    The resonance effect is defined as 'the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two pi -bonds or between a pi -bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacentatom.' The effect is transmitted through the chain. In positive resonance effect, the transfer of electrons is away from an atom or substituent group attached to the conjugated system. This electron displacement makes certain positions in the molecule of high electron densities. In negative resonance effect, the transfer of electrons is towards the atom or substituent group attached to the conjugated system. Which of the following carboxylate ions is the most stable ?

    The resonance effect is defined as 'the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two pi -bonds or between a pi -bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacentatom.' The effect is transmitted through the chain. In positive resonance effect, the transfer of electrons is away from an atom or substituent group attached to the conjugated system. This electron displacement makes certain positions in the molecule of high electron densities. In negative resonance effect, the transfer of electrons is towards the atom or substituent group attached to the conjugated system. Which of the following does not show resonance effect ?

    Reaction intermdiates are short lived species and are highly reactive. They are formed by heterolytic and homolytic bond fission. There are various types of reaction intermediates in which the most important are carbocation , carbanion and free radical. Carbocation is an organic species in which carbon have positive charge and six electrons in its outermost shell. The stability of carbocation can be increased by positive inductive effect, hyperconjugation and delocalisation. If alpha -atom with respect to carbocation has one or more lone pair of electron then lone pair of electron strongly stabilises the carbocation due to octet completion. Species in which carbon have negative charge is called carbanion. Carbanion carries three bond pairs and one lone pair. The stability of carbanion can be increased by negative inductive effect, negative mesomeric effect and delocalisation. Free radical is a species which have seven electrons in its outermost shell. The stability of free radical can be increased by hyperconjugation and delocalisation. The stability order of following free radicals is: C_(6)H_(5)underset(I)CH_(2)overset(*)CH_(2)" "CH_(3)underset(II)CH_(2)overset(*)CH_(2)" "underset(" "III)(C_(6)H_(5))overset(*)CH_(2)" "underset(IV)(CH_(3)^(*)

    The resonance effect is defined as 'the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two pi -bonds or between a pi -bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom.' The effect is transmitted through the chain. In positive resonance effect, the transfer of electrons is away from an atom or substituent group attached to the conjugated system. This electron displacement makes certain positions in the molecule of high electron densities. In negative resonance effect, the transfer of electrons is towards the atom or substituent group attached to the conjugated system. Which of the following free radicals is the most stable ?

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