Discuss the concept of hybridisation. What are its different types in a carbon atom?
b) What is the type of hybridisation of carbon atoms marked with star?
(i) `overset(**)(C)H_(2)=CH-overset(O)overset(**||)(C)-O-H` (ii) `CH_(3)-overset(**)(C)H_(2)-OH`
(iii) `CH_(3)-CH_(2)-overset(O)overset(||)(C^(**))-H` (iv) `overset(**)(C)H_(3)-CH=CH-CH_(3)`
(v) `CH_(3)-overset(**)(C)-=CH`

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

**1. Understanding Hybridization:**
- Hybridization is the process of mixing atomic orbitals of the same energy level to form new hybrid orbitals that are degenerate (of equal energy). This concept helps explain the geometry of molecular structures.

**2. Types of Hybridization in Carbon:**
- In carbon, there are three main types of hybridization:
- **sp Hybridization:** Involves the mixing of one s orbital and one p orbital, resulting in two sp hybrid orbitals. This occurs when there are two regions of electron density (e.g., in acetylene, C2H2).
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