Low temperature treatment to speed up the process of flowering is referred to as

Options

A. photoperiodism
B. vernalisation
C. thermoperiodism
D. hydroponics

Explanation

To answer the question "Low temperature treatment to speed up the process of flowering is referred to as," we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question is asking for a specific term that describes the effect of low temperatures on the flowering process in plants.

2. **Identifying the Options**: The options provided are:
- A. Photoperiodism
- B. Vernalization
- C. Thermoperiodism
- D. Hydroponics

3. **Analyzing Each Option**:
- **Photoperiodism**: This refers to the response of plants to the length of day and night, influencing flowering but not specifically related to low temperatures.
- **Vernalization**: This is the process where low temperatures are applied to plants to induce flowering, specifically shortening the vegetative phase and hastening flowering.
- **Thermoperiodism**: This term relates to the response of plants to temperature changes but does not specifically refer to low temperatures for flowering.
- **Hydroponics**: This is a method of growing plants in a water-based, nutrient-rich solution, unrelated to temperature effects on flowering.

4. **Selecting the Correct Answer**: Based on the analysis, the correct answer is **B. Vernalization**.

5. **Understanding Vernalization**: Vernalization involves treating plants with cold temperatures (typically between 0°C to 5°C) to promote flowering. It is particularly important for winter varieties of plants, which need this cold treatment to transition into spring or summer varieties.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the low temperature treatment to speed up the process of flowering is referred to as **Vernalization**.