Two liquids `HNO_3` (A) and water (B) form a maximum boiling azeotrope when mixed in the ratio of 68% and 32% respectively . It means

Options

A. A-B interactions are stronger than A -A and B-B interactions
B. A-B interactions are weaker than A -A and B-B interactions
C. vapour pressure of solution is more than the pure components
D. vapour pressure of solution is less since only one component vaporises .

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the maximum boiling azeotrope formed by HNO3 (A) and water (B) in the ratio of 68% to 32%, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand Azeotropes
An azeotrope is a mixture of two or more liquids that has a constant boiling point and composition throughout the distillation process. Azeotropes do not follow Raoult's law, which applies to ideal solutions.

**Hint:** Remember that azeotropes can be classified into two types: maximum boiling and minimum boiling.

### Step 2: Identify the Type of Azeotrope
In this case, we are dealing with a maximum boiling azeotrope. This means that the boiling point of the azeotropic mixture is higher than the boiling points of the individual components (HNO3 and water).

**Hint:** A maximum boiling azeotrope indicates that the interactions between the different components are stronger than the interactions within each component.

### Step 3: Analyze the Boiling Points
The boiling point of the azeotropic mixture is greater than the boiling points of both HNO3 and water. This suggests that the intermolecular forces in the mixture are stronger than those in the pure components.

**Hint:** Consider how intermolecular forces affect boiling points. Stronger interactions lead to higher boiling points.

### Step 4: Compare Intermolecular Forces
For a maximum boiling azeotrope, the intermolecular forces (IMF) between the different components (A-B) are stronger than the intermolecular forces within the same component (A-A and B-B). This is why the boiling point of the mixture is elevated.

**Hint:** Think about the types of intermolecular forces present, such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces.

### Step 5: Conclusion
Thus, the correct interpretation of the statement is that the interactions between HNO3 and water (A-B interactions) are stronger than the interactions between HNO3 molecules (A-A) and between water molecules (B-B).

**Final Answer:** The correct option is that A-B interactions are stronger than A-A and B-B interactions.