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Ionisation enthalpy (Delta(t)H(l) "in" k...

Ionisation enthalpy `(Delta_(t)H_(l) "in" kJ mol^(-1))` for the elements of group-13 follows the order

A

`B gt AI gt Ga gt In gt TI`

B

`B lt AI lt Ga lt In lt TI`

C

`B lt AI gt Ga lt In gt TI`

D

`B gt AI lt Ga gt In lt TI`

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To determine the order of ionization enthalpy for the elements of Group 13, we need to analyze the trends in atomic size and the effective nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electrons as we move down the group. Here’s a step-by-step solution: ### Step 1: Identify the Elements in Group 13 Group 13 elements include: - Boron (B) - Aluminium (Al) - Gallium (Ga) - Indium (In) - Thallium (Tl) ### Step 2: Understand Ionization Enthalpy Ionization enthalpy (ΔtH) is the energy required to remove an electron from the outermost shell of an isolated gaseous atom. Generally, ionization enthalpy decreases down a group due to the increase in atomic size and the decrease in effective nuclear charge felt by the outermost electrons. ### Step 3: Analyze the Trend Down the Group As we move from Boron to Thallium: - The atomic size increases due to the addition of electron shells. - The outermost electrons are further from the nucleus, leading to weaker attraction and easier removal. ### Step 4: Consider Exceptions in Group 13 While the general trend suggests that ionization enthalpy should decrease down the group, there are exceptions: - **Gallium (Ga)** has a higher ionization enthalpy than **Aluminium (Al)** despite being below it in the group. This is due to the presence of d-electrons in Ga, which increase the effective nuclear charge and result in a smaller atomic size compared to Al. - **Thallium (Tl)** has a higher ionization enthalpy than **Indium (In)** due to the poor shielding effect of the f-electrons, which leads to a stronger attraction of the outermost electrons in Tl compared to In. ### Step 5: Establish the Correct Order Considering the above points, the correct order of ionization enthalpy for Group 13 elements is: 1. Boron (B) - highest 2. Gallium (Ga) 3. Aluminium (Al) 4. Thallium (Tl) 5. Indium (In) - lowest Thus, the order is: **B > Ga > Al > Tl > In**. ### Final Answer The correct order of ionization enthalpy for the elements of Group 13 is: **Boron > Gallium > Aluminium > Thallium > Indium**. ---
To determine the order of ionization enthalpy for the elements of Group 13, we need to analyze the trends in atomic size and the effective nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electrons as we move down the group. Here’s a step-by-step solution: ### Step 1: Identify the Elements in Group 13 Group 13 elements include: - Boron (B) - Aluminium (Al) - Gallium (Ga) - Indium (In) ...
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