During a group discussion a student argued that ionization enthalpy depends only upon electronic configuration.
a) Do you agree? Comment.
b) Define shielding effect/screening effect.
c) Is there any relation between ionization enthalpy and shielding effect/screening effect? Explain

During a group discussion a student argues that both oxidation state and valence are the same. a) Do you agree? b) Justify taking the case of [AICI(H_2O)_5]^2+

Removal of electron becomes easier on moving down the group. a) Comment the above statement based on ionization enthalpy. b) How electronic configuration influences the ionization enthalpy value?

Atomic size, valency, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy and electronegativity are the important periodic properties of elements. a) What do you mean by periodicity? b) Periodic properties are directly related to ͟ ͟ ͟͟͟

Paragraph Carboxylic acids are distinctly acidic because they ionize in water to give hydronium ions: RCOOH+H_(2)O hArr RCOO^(-) +H_(3)O^(+) The acidic strength depends upon the extent of ionizations of the acid and the stability of the anion formed. The acidic strength can also be expressed in terms of dissociation constant K_(a) or pK_(a) which are related as pK_(a)= -log K_(a) . Most unsubstituted carboxylic acids have K_(a) values in the range of 10^(-4) to 10^(-5) (pK_(a) =4-5) . The substitutents have marked effect on the acidic strength of carboxylic acids. Any group that stabilizes the carboxylate ion more than the carboxylic acid group will increase the acidic strength, and the group which destabilizes the carboxylate group more than the carboxylic acid group will decrease the acidic strength. In a similar manner, the electron-releasing groups makes benzoic acid weaker, while the electron-withdrawing groups make benzoic acid stronger. The ortho isomer of every substituted benzoic acid (whether electron releasing or electron withdrawing) is the strongest among the three isomers due to ortho effect. Which of the following is the weakest acid?