The layers of atmosphere are heated through

Options

A. Convection
B. Conduction
C. Radiation
D. Both (a) and (c )

Explanation

To solve the question regarding how the layers of the atmosphere are heated, we will analyze the different processes of heat transfer: convection, conduction, and radiation.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Heat Transfer Mechanisms**:
- There are three primary modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation.
- Conduction occurs in solids, convection occurs in fluids (liquids and gases), and radiation can occur in a vacuum.

2. **Analyzing Convection**:
- Convection is the process where heat is transferred through the movement of fluid (gas or liquid) due to differences in temperature and density.
- In the atmosphere, as the Earth is heated by the sun, the air near the surface warms up, becomes less dense, and rises. This creates a convection current.

3. **Analyzing Conduction**:
- Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials. It primarily occurs in solids.
- Since the atmosphere is composed of gases, conduction is not a significant method of heat transfer in this context.

4. **Analyzing Radiation**:
- Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as sunlight.
- The sun emits radiation, which travels through space and heats the Earth and its atmosphere.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The layers of the atmosphere are primarily heated through convection (due to the movement of warm air) and radiation (from the sun).
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that the layers of the atmosphere are heated through both convection and radiation.

### Final Answer:
The layers of the atmosphere are heated through both convection and radiation.