Conversion of nitrobenzene to aniline is carried out in

Options

A. neutral medium
B. acidic medium
C. alkaline medium
D. none

Explanation

To convert nitrobenzene to aniline, we need to follow a series of steps that involve the reduction of the nitro group (-NO2) to an amino group (-NH2). The process is typically carried out in an acidic medium. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the conversion:

### Step 1: Understanding Nitrobenzene
- Nitrobenzene is an aromatic compound with the formula C6H5NO2, where the nitro group (-NO2) is attached to a benzene ring.

### Step 2: Choosing the Medium
- The conversion of nitrobenzene to aniline can occur in different mediums: neutral, acidic, or alkaline. However, the most effective medium for this reduction is acidic.

### Step 3: Reaction in Acidic Medium
- In an acidic medium, nitrobenzene undergoes reduction. A common method involves using tin (Sn) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The reaction can be summarized as follows:
- Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) is treated with Sn and HCl.
- This leads to the formation of nitrosobenzene (C6H5NO) as an intermediate.

### Step 4: Formation of Aniline
- The nitrosobenzene can further react in the presence of additional hydrogen (H2) to yield phenylhydroxylamine (C6H5NHOH).
- Finally, phenylhydroxylamine can be reduced further to form aniline (C6H5NH2) by adding more hydrogen.

### Step 5: Conclusion
- Thus, the conversion of nitrobenzene to aniline is effectively carried out in an acidic medium. Therefore, the correct answer is **acidic medium**.

### Final Answer:
**The conversion of nitrobenzene to aniline is carried out in acidic medium.**

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