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Towards electrophilic substitution, the ...

Towards electrophilic substitution, the most reactive will be

A

nitrobenzene

B

aninne

C

aniline hydrochloride

D

N-acetylaniline

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To determine which compound is the most reactive towards electrophilic substitution among the given options (nitrobenzene, aniline, aniline hydrochloride, and N-acetyl aniline), we need to analyze the effect of substituents on the electron density of the benzene ring in each compound. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Identify the Compounds**: - We have four compounds to analyze: - Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) - Aniline (C6H5NH2) - Aniline hydrochloride (C6H5NH3Cl) - N-acetyl aniline (C6H5NHCOCH3) 2. **Draw the Structures**: - **Nitrobenzene**: Contains a nitro group (NO2) attached to the benzene ring. - **Aniline**: Contains an amino group (NH2) attached to the benzene ring. - **Aniline Hydrochloride**: The amino group is protonated (NH3+) and paired with a chloride ion (Cl-). - **N-acetyl Aniline**: Contains an acetyl group (COCH3) attached to the amino group. 3. **Analyze Electron Density**: - **Nitrobenzene**: The nitro group is an electron-withdrawing group, which decreases the electron density on the benzene ring. This makes it less reactive towards electrophilic substitution. - **Aniline**: The amino group (NH2) is an electron-donating group. It increases the electron density on the benzene ring, making it more reactive towards electrophilic substitution. - **Aniline Hydrochloride**: In this compound, the amino group is protonated, which means it cannot donate its lone pair effectively. This decreases the electron density on the benzene ring, making it less reactive than aniline. - **N-acetyl Aniline**: The lone pair on the nitrogen is involved in resonance with the carbonyl group (C=O) of the acetyl group. This reduces the electron density on the benzene ring, making it less reactive compared to aniline. 4. **Conclusion**: - Among all the compounds analyzed, **aniline** has the highest electron density on the benzene ring due to the electron-donating effect of the amino group. Therefore, it is the most reactive towards electrophilic substitution. ### Final Answer: The most reactive compound towards electrophilic substitution is **aniline**.
To determine which compound is the most reactive towards electrophilic substitution among the given options (nitrobenzene, aniline, aniline hydrochloride, and N-acetyl aniline), we need to analyze the effect of substituents on the electron density of the benzene ring in each compound. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Identify the Compounds**: - We have four compounds to analyze: - Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) - Aniline (C6H5NH2) ...
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