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The relative stabilities of M^+ cations ...

The relative stabilities of `M^+` cations of Group 13 are `B^+ ltAl^+ ltGa^+ ltIn^+ ltTI^+`- Explain.

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The given trend is explained with help of 'inert pair' effect. This represents the reluctance of the valence - electron of heavier elements of p - block to take part in bonding because of ineffective shielding these electrons from the attraction of nucleus by intervening d and f electrons. As a result the p - electrons are more available accounting for +1 oxidation state. Inert pair effect is maximum in the heaviest elements TI and hence the order.
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