In humans, visceral organs are innervated by

Options

A. sympathetic nerves and are under conscious control
B. parasympathetic nerves and are under conscious control
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves but are not unter conscious control

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Visceral Organs**:
- Visceral organs refer to the internal organs of the body, particularly those that are not under voluntary control. Examples include the heart, lungs, stomach, and intestines.

2. **Role of the Nervous System**:
- These organs are regulated by the nervous system, specifically through involuntary actions. This means that their functions are not consciously controlled by an individual.

3. **Identifying the Relevant Nervous System**:
- The part of the nervous system that innervates visceral organs is known as the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS operates automatically without conscious direction.

4. **Components of the Autonomic Nervous System**:
- The autonomic nervous system is divided into two main components:
- **Sympathetic Nervous System**: This part prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations (often referred to as "fight or flight"). It increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and inhibits digestive processes.
- **Parasympathetic Nervous System**: This part conserves energy and is responsible for "rest and digest" activities. It decreases heart rate, constricts pupils, and stimulates digestive processes.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, visceral organs in humans are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, which includes both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. This system regulates the involuntary functions of these organs.

### Final Answer:
In humans, visceral organs are innervated by the **autonomic nervous system**.

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