### Step-by-Step Solution:
1. **Definition of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes**:
- Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Examples include bacteria and archaea.
- Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles that are enclosed within membranes. Examples include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
2. **Nucleus**:
- Prokaryotes do not have a true nucleus; instead, their genetic material (DNA) is located in a region called the nucleoid. This DNA is typically circular and not associated with histones.
- Eukaryotes have a well-defined, membrane-bound nucleus that contains linear DNA associated with histone proteins.
3. **DNA Structure**:
- In prokaryotes, the DNA is usually circular and exists as a single chromosome. It is not organized into chromatin.
- In eukaryotes, DNA is linear and organized into multiple chromosomes, which are further packaged into chromatin.
4. **Membrane-Bound Organelles**:
- Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles. They have ribosomes, but these are not membrane-bound.
- Eukaryotes possess various membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and chloroplasts in plants.
5. **Cell Division**:
- Prokaryotic cell division occurs through binary fission, a simpler process.
- Eukaryotic cells divide through mitosis (for somatic cells) and meiosis (for gametes), which are more complex processes.
6. **Reproduction**:
- Prokaryotes primarily reproduce asexually through binary fission, although they can exchange genetic material through processes like conjugation.
- Eukaryotes can reproduce both asexually (e.g., mitosis) and sexually (e.g., meiosis).
7. **Examples**:
- Examples of prokaryotes include Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Streptococcus.
- Examples of eukaryotes include humans, trees, and fungi.
### Conclusion:
The main differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes include the presence of a well-defined nucleus, the structure of DNA, the presence of membrane-bound organelles, and the complexity of cell division and reproduction.
