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State Hardy schulze rule....

State Hardy schulze rule.

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**Step-by-Step Solution:** 1. **Definition of Hardy-Schulze Rule**: The Hardy-Schulze rule states that the amount of electrolyte required for the coagulation of a definite amount of colloidal solution depends on the valency of the coagulating ion. 2. **Understanding Coagulating Ion**: The coagulating ion is the ion that has a charge opposite to that of the colloidal particles. For example, if the colloidal particles are negatively charged, the coagulating ions will be positively charged. 3. **Example of Coagulation**: Consider a negatively charged colloidal solution. If we add different electrolytes such as NaCl, CaCl2, and AlCl3, the coagulating power of these electrolytes varies based on the valency of their positively charged ions: - NaCl dissociates into Na⁺ (valency +1) ...
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