What are quantum numbers and what information is provided by them? Specify the electrons with following sets of quantum numbers :
(i) `n=4, l=1, m=+1, s=+1/2`
(ii) `n=3, l=0, m=0, s=-1/2`

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution

**Step 1: Understanding Quantum Numbers**
Quantum numbers are a set of four numbers that describe the unique quantum state of an electron in an atom. They provide information about the electron's energy level, shape, orientation, and spin. The four quantum numbers are:
1. **Principal Quantum Number (n)**: Indicates the energy level and size of the orbital. It can take positive integer values (n = 1, 2, 3,...).
2. **Azimuthal Quantum Number (l)**: Indicates the shape of the orbital and can take values from 0 to (n-1). Each value of l corresponds to a specific type of subshell (s, p, d, f).
3. **Magnetic Quantum Number (m)**: Indicates the orientation of the orbital in space. It can take values from -l to +l, including zero.
4. **Spin Quantum Number (s)**: Indicates the spin of the electron, which can be either +1/2 (spin up) or -1/2 (spin down).
...