Cranial and spinal nerve can be included in

Options

A. Central nervous system
B. Autonomic nervous system
C. Peripheral nervous system
D. Visceral nervous system

Answer

To solve the question "Cranial and spinal nerves can be included in:", we need to analyze the options provided: central nervous system, autonomic nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and visceral nervous system.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Central Nervous System (CNS)**:
- The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. It does not include nerves; rather, it is the control center for processing information.

**Hint**: Remember that the CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord only.

2. **Identifying the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)**:
- The peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves that lie outside the central nervous system. This includes cranial nerves (which emerge directly from the brain) and spinal nerves (which emerge from the spinal cord).

**Hint**: Think of the PNS as the network of nerves that connects the CNS to the rest of the body.

3. **Exploring the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)**:
- The autonomic nervous system is a part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions. It regulates activities such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. While it involves nerves, it does not specifically refer to cranial and spinal nerves.

**Hint**: The ANS controls involuntary actions and is a subset of the PNS.

4. **Understanding the Visceral Nervous System**:
- The visceral nervous system is often associated with the autonomic nervous system and is involved in the control of internal organs and glands. It is not a separate category of nerves but rather a functional aspect of the autonomic system.

**Hint**: Visceral refers to the internal organs; it is not a distinct category of nerves.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Since cranial and spinal nerves are specifically part of the nervous system that exists outside the brain and spinal cord, they are classified under the peripheral nervous system.

**Final Answer**: The cranial and spinal nerves can be included in the **peripheral nervous system**.