Assertion : Population of India crossed 1 billion in May 2000.
Reason : It is the result of rapid decline in death rate, maternal mortality rate (MMR), and infant mortality rate (IMR) as well as an increase in the number of people in reproducible age.

Options

A. If both Assertion & Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion, then mark (1).
B. If both Assertion & Reason are true but the reasons is not the correct expalanation of the assertion, then mark (2).
C. If Assertion is true statement but Reason is false, then mark (3)
D. If both Assertion and Reason are false statements, then mark (4).

Answer

To solve the assertion and reason question, we will analyze both statements step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze the Assertion
- **Assertion**: "Population of India crossed 1 billion in May 2000."
- This statement is a factual claim about the population of India. Historical data confirms that India's population indeed crossed the 1 billion mark in May 2000. Therefore, this assertion is **true**.

### Step 2: Analyze the Reason
- **Reason**: "It is the result of rapid decline in death rate, maternal mortality rate (MMR), and infant mortality rate (IMR) as well as an increase in the number of people in reproducible age."
- This statement explains the factors contributing to the population growth.
- A rapid decline in the death rate means fewer people are dying, which contributes to population growth.
- A decline in maternal mortality rate (MMR) indicates that more women survive childbirth, leading to more births.
- A decline in infant mortality rate (IMR) means more infants survive their early years, contributing to a larger population.
- An increase in the number of people in the reproductive age means there are more individuals capable of having children, further boosting population growth.
- Therefore, this reason is also **true**.

### Step 3: Determine the Relationship Between Assertion and Reason
- We need to assess whether the reason correctly explains the assertion.
- The reason provided gives a logical explanation for why the population crossed 1 billion, linking the decline in mortality rates and the increase in reproductive-age individuals to population growth.
- Thus, the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.

### Conclusion
- Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.
- Therefore, the answer to the question is: **Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.**

### Final Answer
- The correct option is: **Option 1** (Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion).

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