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The transition element ( with few except...

The transition element ( with few exceptions ) show a large number of oxidation states . The various oxidation states are related to the electronic configuration of their atoms. The variable oxidation states of a transition metal is due to the involvement of (n-1)d and outer ns electrons . For the first five elements of 3d transition series , the minimum oxidation state is equal to the number of electrons in 4s shell and the maximum oxidation state is equal to the sum of 4s and 3d electrons. The relative stability of various oxidation states of a given element can be explained on the basis of stability of `d^(0),d^(5) and d^(10)` configuration .
In 3d series, the maximum oxidation state is shown by

A

(a) Sc( At . no. 21)

B

(b) Cr(24)

C

(c) Mn(At. no. 25)

D

(d) Fe(26)

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The correct Answer is:
To solve the question regarding the maximum oxidation state shown by the elements in the 3d transition series, we will analyze each element based on its electronic configuration and oxidation states. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Identify the Elements and Their Atomic Numbers**: - Scandium (Sc) - Atomic number 21 - Chromium (Cr) - Atomic number 24 - Manganese (Mn) - Atomic number 25 - Iron (Fe) - Atomic number 26 2. **Write the Electronic Configurations**: - Sc: [Ar] 3d¹ 4s² - Cr: [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ - Mn: [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s² - Fe: [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s² 3. **Determine Minimum and Maximum Oxidation States**: - **Scandium (Sc)**: - Minimum oxidation state = +2 (from 4s²) - Maximum oxidation state = +3 (from 4s² + 3d¹) - **Chromium (Cr)**: - Minimum oxidation state = +1 (from 4s¹) - Maximum oxidation state = +6 (from 4s¹ + 3d⁵) - **Manganese (Mn)**: - Minimum oxidation state = +2 (from 4s²) - Maximum oxidation state = +7 (from 4s² + 3d⁵) - **Iron (Fe)**: - Minimum oxidation state = +2 (from 4s²) - Maximum oxidation state = +6 (from 4s² + 3d⁶) 4. **Compare Maximum Oxidation States**: - Scandium: +3 - Chromium: +6 - Manganese: +7 - Iron: +6 5. **Conclusion**: - The maximum oxidation state is shown by Manganese (Mn), which is +7. ### Final Answer: The maximum oxidation state in the 3d transition series is shown by **Manganese (Mn)**. ---
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The transition element ( with few exceptions ) show a large number of oxidation states . The various oxidation states are related to the electronic configuration of their atoms. The variable oxidation states of a transition metal is due to the involvement of (n-1)d and outer ns electrons . For the first five elements of 3d transition series , the minimum oxidation state is equal to the number of electrons in 4s shell and the maximum oxidation state is equal to the sum of 4s and 3d electrons. The relative stability of various oxidation states of a given element can be explained on the basis of stability of d^(0),d^(5) and d^(10) configuration . Identify the correct statement

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