Trees are essential to carbon sequestration keeping excess carbon from entering the atmosphere. The main chemical flow between forest and atmosphere is the exchange of Co, and Og. Forests provide á vàst bank for `CO_(2)`, and a large amount of `CO_(2)`, is deposited in its timber. It plays an essential role in maintaining a dynamic balance between `CO_(2)`, & `o_(2)` , in atmosphere. According to photosynthesis eucation 180 gm of Glucose and 193 gm `o_(2)` , are produced by using 264 gm of `Co_(2)`, and 108 gm of water and 677.2 K.cal. of solar energy. 180 gm of Glucose can be transformed to 162 gm of polysaccharide inside the plant. So whenever plant produces, 162 gm of dry organic matter 264 gm of `CO_(2)` will be fixed. Then the total amount of the dry organic matter of the reserve forests can be estimated. It provides a foundation for reckoning the total amount of `Co_(2)` fixation by the forests in the reserve.
Natural ecosystems may have helped to stabilize climate and prevent overheating of the earth by removing more of the greenhouse gas, `CO_(2)`, from the atmosphere. Many countries have established a carbon tax system to reduce emissions of the greenhouse gases, especially to cut down `CO_(2)`, and Coin atmosphere.
Ecosystem services. oxygen release : Trees and plankton play a big role in release of oxygen, which depends on the species of tree, its age, its health, and also on the trees surroundings. .A - mature loafy tree produces as much oxygen in a season as 10 peole in hale in a year". or A single mature tree can absorb carbon dioxide at a rate of 48 lbs/year and release enough oxygen back into the atmosphere to support 2 human beings.
One acre of trees annually consumes the amount of `CO_(2)`, equivalent to that produced by driving an average can for 26,000 miles. That same acre of trees also produces enough oxygen for 18 people to breathe for a year.
Submerged macrophytes release o, and enrich dissolved o, in water. The plants and planktons are described as "the Lungs of the World", taking billion of tonnes of `CO_(2)`, and exhaling billions of tones of `O_(2) `
Micro organisms also contribute to the oxygen release in direct and indirect ways.
Ex : Cyanobacteria releases `O_(2)`, in a direct way. The other supporting services include Nutrient cycling through decomposition of fallen Logs in forests, soil formation by bacteria and lichens.
