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Considering the benefits of a constant i...

Considering the benefits of a constant internal environment to the organism we tend to ask ourselves why the conformers had not evolved to become regulators ?

Text Solution

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Thermoregulation is energetically expensive for many organisms. This is particularly true in small animals like shrews and humming birds. Heat loss or heat gain is a function of the surface area. Since small animals have a larger surface area relative to their volume, they tend to lose body heat very fast when it is cold outside. Then they have to spend much energy to generate body heat through metabolism. This is the main reason why very small animals are rarely found in the polar regions. During the course of evolution, the costs and benefits of maintaining a constant internal environment are taken into consideration. Some species have evolved the ability to regulate, but only over a limited range of environmental conditions, beyond which they simply conform.
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Knowledge Check

  • Read the following statements and select the correct ones. i) All vertebrates are capable of osmoregulation and thermoregulation. ii) Some species have evolved the ability to regulate, but only over a limited range of environmental conditions, beyond which they simply conform. iii)99 per cent of animals and nearly all plants can- not maintain a constant internal environment. - iv)Animals arc either perfect regulators or perfect conformers.

    A
    (i) and (ii)
    B
    (H) and (iii)
    C
    (iii) and (iv)
    D
    (i) and (iv)

  • It is very commonly thought that the sciences and humanities are producing two cultures which are opposed to each other. Science is even accused of not being sympathetic to the well-being of society. All this is due to the debatable use made by some scientists of their discoveries. However, science has now become increasingly aware of its responsibility towards society. Consequently, many scientists are of the opinion that science should be defined in humanistic terms. According, I.I. Rabi defines science as follows : "Science is an adventure of the whole human race to learn to live in and perhaps to love the universe in which they are. To be a part of it is to understand it, to understand oneself, to begin to feel that there is a capacity within man far beyond that he felt he had, of an infinite extension of human possibilities - not just on the material side..." Rabi proposes that science be taught “with a certain historical understanding, with a certain philosophical understanding, with a social understanding and a human understanding". At the moment, we are dealing with physics and one might well ask if we can define physics also in humanistic terms. Gerald Halton provides us with a relevant definition of physics. According to him : "Physics is a sequence of related ideas whose pursuit provides one with the cumulative effect of an even higher vantage point and a more encompassing view of the working of nature. Physics is neither an isolated bloodless body of facts and theories with mere vocational usefulness, nor a glorious entertainment restricted to an elite of specalists. Rather students of physics may leave them unprepared for their own time. They can be neither participants nor even intelligent spectators in one of the great adventures”. It will be no exaggeration if we say that the fate of society is linked to physics as whatever is thought or discovered in physics immediately affects the society. Our intellegence lies in applying physics to solve the pressing problems that the society faces and not to annihilate it. According to I.I Rabi

    A
    science is an adventure to hate the human race
    B
    science is a misadventure to understand the universe in which human race is present
    C
    science is an adventure of human race to learn to live and love the universe in which they are
    D
    science is an adventure and should deal with human possibilities on the material side.

  • It is very commonly thought that the sciences and humanities are producing two cultures which are opposed to each other. Science is even accused of not being sympathetic to the well-being of society. All this is due to the debatable use made by some scientists of their discoveries. However, science has now become increasingly aware of its responsibility towards society. Consequently, many scientists are of the opinion that science should be defined in humanistic terms. According, I.I. Rabi defines science as follows : "Science is an adventure of the whole human race to learn to live in and perhaps to love the universe in which they are. To be a part of it is to understand it, to understand oneself, to begin to feel that there is a capacity within man far beyond that he felt he had, of an infinite extension of human possibilities - not just on the material side..." Rabi proposes that science be taught “with a certain historical understanding, with a certain philosophical understanding, with a social understanding and a human understanding". At the moment, we are dealing with physics and one might well ask if we can define physics also in humanistic terms. Gerald Halton provides us with a relevant definition of physics. According to him : "Physics is a sequence of related ideas whose pursuit provides one with the cumulative effect of an even higher vantage point and a more encompassing view of the working of nature. Physics is neither an isolated bloodless body of facts and theories with mere vocational usefulness, nor a glorious entertainment restricted to an elite of specalists. Rather students of physics may leave them unprepared for their own time. They can be neither participants nor even intelligent spectators in one of the great adventures”. It will be no exaggeration if we say that the fate of society is linked to physics as whatever is thought or discovered in physics immediately affects the society. Our intellegence lies in applying physics to solve the pressing problems that the society faces and not to annihilate it. According to the authors

    A
    physics is the only savior of society
    B
    physics discoveries effect the society
    C
    physics tries to solve the pressing problems faced by society
    D
    physics annihilates society.
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