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Copper (I) ions are not known in aqueous...

Copper (I) ions are not known in aqueous solution.

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**Step-by-Step Solution:** 1. **Understanding the Cuprous Ion (Cu⁺):** - The cuprous ion (Cu⁺) is the +1 oxidation state of copper. It is important to understand its behavior in aqueous solutions. 2. **Disproportionation Reaction:** - In aqueous solutions, the cuprous ion tends to undergo a disproportionation reaction. This means that Cu⁺ ions can simultaneously oxidize and reduce themselves, leading to the formation of two different products. - The reaction can be represented as: \[ 2 \text{Cu}^+ \rightarrow \text{Cu}^{2+} + \text{Cu} \] - Here, one Cu⁺ ion is oxidized to Cu²⁺, and another Cu⁺ ion is reduced to solid copper (Cu). 3. **Stability of Cupric Ion (Cu²⁺):** - The cupric ion (Cu²⁺) is more stable in aqueous solution compared to the cuprous ion. This stability can be attributed to the hydration energy associated with Cu²⁺ ions. 4. **Hydration Energy Comparison:** - Hydration energy is the energy released when ions are surrounded by water molecules. The hydration energy of Cu²⁺ is greater than that of Cu⁺. - This greater hydration energy compensates for the energy required to remove an additional electron from the copper atom (the second ionization enthalpy). 5. **Conclusion:** - Due to the disproportionation reaction and the greater stability of the cupric ion (Cu²⁺) facilitated by its higher hydration energy, cuprous ions (Cu⁺) are not stable and thus not commonly found in aqueous solutions.
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