The most Carbocations, carbanions, free radicals and radical cation are reactive carbon intermediates. Their hybrid orbitals respectively are

Options

A. `sp^(2),sp^(2),sp^(3),sp`
B. `sp^(2),sp^(2),sp,sp^(3)`
C. `sp^(2),sp^(3),sp^(2),sp`
D. `sp^(3),sp^(2),sp,sp^(2)`

Answer

To determine the hybrid orbitals of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, and radical cations, we can analyze each type of reactive carbon intermediate step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Carbocations**:
- **Definition**: Carbocations are positively charged carbon species.
- **Hybridization**: In a carbocation, the carbon atom is bonded to three other atoms and has a positive charge. The geometry around the carbon is trigonal planar.
- **Conclusion**: The hybridization of carbocations is **sp²**.

2. **Carbanions**:
- **Definition**: Carbanions are negatively charged carbon species.
- **Hybridization**: In a carbanion, the carbon atom is bonded to three other atoms and has a lone pair of electrons. The geometry around the carbon is tetrahedral.
- **Conclusion**: The hybridization of carbanions is **sp³**.

3. **Free Radicals**:
- **Definition**: Free radicals are neutral species with an unpaired electron.
- **Hybridization**: In a free radical, the carbon atom is bonded to three other atoms and has one unpaired electron. The geometry around the carbon is trigonal planar.
- **Conclusion**: The hybridization of free radicals is **sp²**.

4. **Radical Cations**:
- **Definition**: Radical cations are positively charged carbon species with an unpaired electron.
- **Hybridization**: In a radical cation, the carbon atom is bonded to three other atoms and has a positive charge along with an unpaired electron. The geometry around the carbon is linear.
- **Conclusion**: The hybridization of radical cations is **sp**.

### Summary of Hybridizations:
- Carbocations: **sp²**
- Carbanions: **sp³**
- Free Radicals: **sp²**
- Radical Cations: **sp**

### Final Answer:
The hybrid orbitals of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, and radical cations are respectively: **sp², sp³, sp², sp**.