Any series of operations so carried out that at the end, the system is back to its initial state is called

Options

A. Boyle's cycle
B. Reversible process
C. Adiabatic process
D. Cyclic process

Answer

To solve the question, we need to identify the term that describes a series of operations where the system returns to its initial state. Here’s the step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Understand the Concept
The question asks about a series of operations that lead a system back to its initial state. This concept is fundamental in thermodynamics and relates to how systems behave under various processes.

**Hint:** Think about processes in thermodynamics where the starting and ending conditions are the same.

### Step 2: Identify the Type of Process
In thermodynamics, there are various types of processes (isothermal, adiabatic, etc.), but the specific type that fits the description of returning to the initial state is known as a cyclic process.

**Hint:** Recall the definition of a cyclic process in thermodynamics. What happens to the system's state variables?

### Step 3: Define Cyclic Process
A cyclic process is defined as a series of thermodynamic operations where the system undergoes changes but eventually returns to its original state. This means that all state variables (like pressure, volume, and temperature) are the same at the beginning and end of the process.

**Hint:** Consider how a cyclic process can be represented graphically, such as on a PV diagram.

### Step 4: Example of a Cyclic Process
An example of a cyclic process can be illustrated on a Pressure-Volume (PV) diagram. If a system moves through points A, B, C, and D and returns to point A, it demonstrates a cyclic process.

**Hint:** Visualize a loop on a graph that starts and ends at the same point.

### Final Answer
Therefore, any series of operations so carried out that at the end, the system is back to its initial state is called a **cyclic process**.