(a) Give reason for -
(i) Both strands of DNA are not copied during transcription.
(ii) Transcription and translation in bacteria can be coupled.
(b) Differentiate between the process of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Explanation

(a)(i)If both strands act as a template, they would code for RNA molecule with different sequence in turn, they code for proteins. the sequence of amino acids in the proteins would be different. One segment of the DNA would be coding for two different proteins, and this would complicate the genetic information transfer machinery. Second, the two RNA molecules if produced simultaneously would be complementary to each other. Hence would form a double stranded RNA. This would prevent RNA from being translated into protein and the exercise of transcription would become a fertile one.
(ii)Transcription and translation take place in the same compartment since there is no separation of cytosol and nucleus in bacteria
(b) There is a single DNA dependent RNA polymerase that catalyses transcription of all types of RNA in bacteria, but in eukaryotes the RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNA, RNA polymerase III for transcription of RNA and RNA polymerase II transcribes precursor of MRNA The primary transcripts contain both exons and introns and it is subjected to a process called splicing. Also hnRNA undergo two additional processing called as capping and tailing