In `NO_(3)^(-)` ion, the number of bond pair and lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom are:

Options

A. `2,2`
B. `3,1`
C. `1,3`
D. `4,0`

Explanation

To determine the number of bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons on the nitrogen atom in the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻), we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Valence Electrons**:
- Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons.
- Each oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons, and there are three oxygen atoms contributing a total of 18 valence electrons.
- The nitrate ion has an extra electron due to the negative charge, adding 1 more valence electron.
- Total valence electrons = 5 (from N) + 18 (from 3 O) + 1 (extra electron) = 24 valence electrons.

2. **Draw the Lewis Structure**:
- Start by placing nitrogen in the center and surrounding it with three oxygen atoms.
- Form a double bond between nitrogen and one oxygen atom, and single bonds with the other two oxygen atoms.
- The oxygen atom that is double-bonded will have 2 lone pairs, while the other two oxygen atoms will each have 3 lone pairs.
- The negative charge is typically placed on one of the singly bonded oxygen atoms.

3. **Count the Bond Pairs**:
- The double bond between nitrogen and one oxygen counts as 1 bond pair.
- Each single bond between nitrogen and the other two oxygen atoms counts as 1 bond pair each.
- Therefore, total bond pairs = 1 (double bond) + 1 (single bond) + 1 (single bond) = 3 bond pairs.

4. **Identify Lone Pairs on Nitrogen**:
- In the nitrate ion, nitrogen is involved in bonding with all three oxygen atoms and does not have any remaining electrons to form lone pairs.
- Therefore, the number of lone pairs on nitrogen = 0.

5. **Final Count**:
- Number of bond pairs on nitrogen = 4 (1 double bond + 2 single bonds).
- Number of lone pairs on nitrogen = 0.

### Conclusion:
- The nitrogen atom in the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻) has **4 bond pairs** and **0 lone pairs**.