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The size of the species Cl,Cl^(-) and C...

The size of the species ` Cl,Cl^(-)` and `Cl^(+)` decreases as

A

`Cl gt Cl^(+) gt Cl^(-)`

B

`Cl^(+) gt Cl^(-) gt Cl`

C

`Cl^(-) gt Cl^(+) gt Cl`

D

`Cl^(-) gt Cl gt Cl^(+)`

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To determine the relative sizes of the species Cl, Cl^(-), and Cl^(+), we can analyze the effect of gaining or losing electrons on the size of the chlorine atom. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of the solution: ### Step 1: Understand the neutral chlorine atom - The atomic number of chlorine (Cl) is 17, which means it has 17 protons and 17 electrons. This is the neutral state of chlorine. ### Step 2: Analyze the anion (Cl^(-)) - When chlorine gains an extra electron, it becomes Cl^(-). Now, it has 18 electrons (17 protons and 18 electrons). - The addition of an electron increases electron-electron repulsion, causing the electron cloud to expand. Therefore, Cl^(-) is larger than the neutral Cl atom. ### Step 3: Analyze the cation (Cl^(+)) - When chlorine loses an electron, it becomes Cl^(+). Now, it has 16 electrons (17 protons and 16 electrons). - With one less electron, there is less electron-electron repulsion, and the nucleus can exert a stronger attractive force on the remaining electrons. Thus, Cl^(+) is smaller than the neutral Cl atom. ### Step 4: Compare the sizes - Based on the analysis: - Cl^(-) is the largest due to increased electron-electron repulsion. - Cl (neutral) is of intermediate size. - Cl^(+) is the smallest due to decreased electron-electron repulsion and increased nuclear attraction. ### Conclusion: Size order - The order of size from largest to smallest is: Cl^(-) > Cl > Cl^(+). ### Final Answer The size of the species decreases as follows: Cl^(-) > Cl > Cl^(+). ---
To determine the relative sizes of the species Cl, Cl^(-), and Cl^(+), we can analyze the effect of gaining or losing electrons on the size of the chlorine atom. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of the solution: ### Step 1: Understand the neutral chlorine atom - The atomic number of chlorine (Cl) is 17, which means it has 17 protons and 17 electrons. This is the neutral state of chlorine. ### Step 2: Analyze the anion (Cl^(-)) - When chlorine gains an extra electron, it becomes Cl^(-). Now, it has 18 electrons (17 protons and 18 electrons). - The addition of an electron increases electron-electron repulsion, causing the electron cloud to expand. Therefore, Cl^(-) is larger than the neutral Cl atom. ...
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