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Electronegativity refers to the tendency...

Electronegativity refers to the tendency of atom to

A

lose electron

B

repel electron

C

share electrons with other atoms

D

attract bonding electrons

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The correct Answer is:
**Step-by-Step Solution:** 1. **Understanding Electronegativity**: Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself when it is involved in a chemical bond. 2. **Identifying Shared Electrons**: In a covalent bond, atoms share pairs of electrons. For example, in a hydrogen fluoride (HF) molecule, the bond is formed by the sharing of two electrons, one from hydrogen and one from fluorine. 3. **Comparing Electronegativity**: Different elements have different electronegativities. In the case of HF, fluorine is more electronegative than hydrogen. This means that fluorine has a stronger tendency to attract the shared electrons towards itself. 4. **Result of Electronegativity**: Due to the difference in electronegativity, the shared electrons in the bond will be closer to the fluorine atom than to the hydrogen atom. This results in a polar covalent bond where fluorine has a partial negative charge and hydrogen has a partial positive charge. 5. **Choosing the Correct Option**: Given the options in the question, the correct answer is that electronegativity refers to the tendency of an atom to "attract bonding electrons" or "shared pairs of electrons". **Final Answer**: Electronegativity refers to the tendency of an atom to attract bonding electrons (shared pairs of electrons). ---
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