The pair that exhibits hyperplasia and hypertrophy is

Options

A. Leishemania troica-Wucherxeria bancrofti
B. Nosema notabilis -Supharospora polyrmropha
C. Facciccola hepatica-Plasmodium vivax
D. Sacculina -Carinus maenas.

Answer

To solve the question regarding which pair exhibits hyperplasia and hypertrophy, we will analyze the options provided and understand the definitions of hyperplasia and hypertrophy.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Terms**:
- **Hyperplasia**: This refers to an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, which often results in an increase in its size.
- **Hypertrophy**: This refers to an increase in the size of the cells in a tissue or organ, leading to an increase in the overall size of that tissue or organ.

2. **Analyze Each Option**:
- **Option 1**: Leishmania choica and Vitraria bancrofti
- Leishmania is a protozoan parasite that causes leishmaniasis, but it does not typically cause hyperplasia or hypertrophy.
- Vitraria bancrofti is not a well-known organism in this context. This pair does not exhibit hyperplasia or hypertrophy.

- **Option 2**: Nosema nautibilis and Suphaspora polymorpha
- Nosema is a genus of microsporidian parasites, and Suphaspora is not commonly associated with hyperplasia or hypertrophy. This pair is also incorrect.

- **Option 3**: Fasciola hepatica and Plasmodium vivax
- **Fasciola hepatica** (common liver fluke) is a parasitic trematode that infects the liver and can cause hyperplasia due to inflammation and increased cell numbers in the bile ducts.
- **Plasmodium vivax** is a protozoan parasite that causes malaria and can lead to splenomegaly, which is an increase in the size of the spleen due to hypertrophy of the splenic cells.
- This pair exhibits both hyperplasia and hypertrophy.

- **Option 4**: Sacculina and Carinus manius
- Sacculina is a parasitic barnacle that infects crabs, but it does not typically cause hyperplasia or hypertrophy in the same context as the previous pair. This option is incorrect.

3. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer is **Option 3: Fasciola hepatica and Plasmodium vivax**, as it is the only pair that exhibits both hyperplasia (due to Fasciola hepatica) and hypertrophy (due to Plasmodium vivax).